Over Serial Configuration - Sketch 4: Difference between revisions

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==Fields==
==Channels==
We are referring as a field here a data stream to be sent out. For example Vrms and Realpower derived from a same sensor will be two different channels.
We are referring as a channel here a data stream to be sent out. For example Vrms and Realpower derived from a same sensor will be two different channels.


These are configured with three numbers. The first one is the node id defined above. Note the first id is zero (0).
These are configured with three parameters. The first one CHID is the node index of the list defined above. Note the first id is zero (0).<br>
The second number identifies the type of channel. For example:
The second one CH_node_type is the type of node used. Either snode/pnode/tnode or fnode.<br>
The thirsd one CH_field_type identifies the type of channel. See table 3 below.<br>
For example:


  CHID = 0
  CHID = 0
Line 403: Line 405:
  CH_field_type = 3
  CH_field_type = 3


Uses voltage/current CV pair id 0. Channel type 3 which is Vrms (as the table below describes).
Uses voltage/current CV pair id 0. Node type is 3 which is a Power Node. Channel type is 3 which is Vrms.
Basically this means output the Vrms value of the first Pnode.




Revision as of 14:53, 23 February 2022

Overview

This page covers version 4.x.x of the sketch. See appropriate documentation for other version.

RPICT board using Atmega microcontrollers can be configured over serial using a utility written in python.
This involves boards RPICT7V1 RPICT4V3 and RPICT8 RPICT4W3T1 RPIZ_CT4V3T2.


Current version allows changes of

  • Device id
  • Polling (polling interval of data)
  • Ical (current calibration value)
  • Vcal (Voltage calibration value)
  • Phasecal
  • Vest (estimated voltage for power estimate)
  • Expected Frequency
  • List of CV pairs to compute.
  • List of channels to output.


Limitations

Maximum Channels

The maximum number of channels is not known at time of writing. This depends on a number of factor and mainly the configuration size and type of nodes used.

If limits are encountered with numerous number of nodes and channels we recommend to opt for hardcoded configuration.

Minimum Polling

We should not poll data more often that it can complete a full scan cycle. Minimum polling will depend on the number of CV pairs to compute and the length of the sampling window.

As a rule of thumb one should expect each CV pair to take 0.2 seconds (10 cycles being computed).

RPICT Configuration tool

The configuration tool is a Python program called lcl-rpict-config.py.

Installation

The configuration tool is part of the lcl-rpict-package package. This is installed using the commands below. 

wget lechacal.com/RPICT/tools/lcl-rpict-package_v1.0.2.deb
sudo dkpg -i lcl-rpict-package_v1.0.2.deb

Reading current configuration

Running the configurator like this below only reads the configuration stored in the board. 

lcl-rpict-config.py -a

This yields 

# RPICT Configuration Utility
# Read only
# Now reset RPICT hardware

Once the board receives the reset the configuration will be partially shown and saved in /tmp/rpict.conf. If you have entered the -a option the reset will be performed automatically. 

# 
# Configuration in memory:
# 
# Structure: 0xb5
# Format: 3
# device_id: 11
# output_rate: 5000
# KCAL:  635.0 635.0 635.0 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469   83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469  83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469
# PHASECAL: 0
# VEST: 240.000000
# xpFREQ: 50
# Ncycle: 20
# N signal node: 1
# N power node: 3
# N 3p node: 0
# N freq node: 0
# N channels: 6
# debug: 0
# model:  0 2 0 0 0 0
# Config from MCU fully sent
#


Every time the configuration is read from the board it stores a copy in the /tmp/rpict.conf file. Save this file somewhere safe before you attempt to change anything. This can be used to restore the config.

Modify the configuration

To change the values the configurator must be fed with a file containing the new values. We will use the example of a RPICT4V3. Such file contains this below. 

[main]
format = 3
device_id = 11
output_rate = 5000
kcal = 635.0 635.0 635.0 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469 83.33000183105469
phasecal = 0
vest = 240.000000
xpFREQ = 50
Ncycle = 20
debug = 0
model = 0 2 0 0 0 0
snode_pin = 4
snode_mcp = 10
pnode_pinI = 7 6 5
pnode_mcpI = 10 10 10
pnode_pinV = 2 1 0
pnode_mcpV = 10 10 10
tnode_pinI =
tnode_mcpI =
tnode_pinV =
tnode_mcpV =
fnode_pin =
fnode_mcp =
CHID = 0 1 2 0 1 2
CH_node_type = 3 3 3 3 3 3
CH_field_type = 1 1 1 3 3 3

Manual Edit

The above file can be opened in a text file and edited manually. All the parameters are explained in details down below this same page.

One can modify the file manually and save it in a file called my_file.conf (for example). Then we can now start the configurator with the -w option to write it to the device. 

$ lcl-rpict-config.py -a -w my_file.conf

After the reset the configurator will read the old config then write the new config and display the newly stored once again.

Webtool Edit

To build and edit this file there is an online configurator.

This runs on the Raspberrypi and is already installed with the lcl-rpict-package package.

Simply run from a terminal 

lcl-server.sh

Then access the webtool from any browser using the address below 

http://raspberrypi:8000

You might have to replave raspberrypi with the ip address of the raspberrypi. Or if you are accessing from the Desktop of the raspberrypi itself just use. 

http://127.0.0.1:8000

The configuration file

We will explain here the meaning of each parameters of the configuration file introduced above.

Table 0: Parameters
Parameter Description Data type Expected Range Default Value
format format output to be used by the serial port. uint8_t 3 - Space Separated Values
 3
nodeid Device identification number. Well used with emonhub format. uint8_t Any number between 0 and 255. 11
output_rate Number of milliseconds between each data to be sent over serial. uint16_t Any non null number up to 65535. 5000
kcal Current or Voltage calibration coefficient. Formerly Ical or Vcal. Must contain 5 times 8 values.

The first 8 values are for master. The second 8 values are for slave1 etc.. Each values inside a block of 8 must be in the same order as in Table 1 below. The example above shows for a rpict4v3 vcal=635 then all ical=83.33.

float[5][8] Any floating point number. Depends on board type.
phasecal Phase Calibration value. Adjust phase delay between Voltage and Current. 0 is usually the best option unless tests prove otherwise. int8_t An integer between -9 and +9. 0
vest Voltage to compute estimated power. Usually 240V 230V or 120V. Only applies for channel type number 5 (estimated power). Must be set even if not used. Set vest=1 to obtain output as ampere instead of watts. Set vest=1000 to get milliampere. RPICT boards with a voltage port are not using this parameter. float Any floating point number. 240.0
xpFREQ Expected Frequency. The expected frequency dominating the signal to measure should be set here. Typically 50 or 60Hz. This does not have to be highly accurate. A nominal value usually suffice. uint8_t An integer between 1 and 255 50
Ncycle Set the number of cycle to measure. This directly set the sampling window. Minimum would be 1. Maximum 255. The lower the number the faster and more responsive are the data but more prone to anomalies. The higher the number the slower the reading but more averaged over time. Values between 5 and 20 are usually good. uint8_t An integer between 1 and 255 20
debug Turn debug on/off uint8_t 0 - OFF
1 - ON 		0
model Defined the models used on each stack level. This is particularly used by the sketch but rather for the web tool. First value if the number of slaves in the stack. Then each value are the model ID for master/slave1/slave2/slave3/slave4. Models ID are shown in the table down this page. uint8_t A list of 6 integers between 1 and 255 0 2 0 0 0 0
snode_pin Signal Node. Channel definition. Values between 0 and 7. See Table 1 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 0 and 7 Depends on board type.
snode_mcp Signal Node. Stack level definition. Values between 6 and 10. See Table 2 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 6 and 10. Depends on board type.
pnode_pinI Power Node. Channel definition for current field. Values between 0 and 7. See Table 1 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 0 and 7. Depends on board type.
pnode_mcpI Power Node. Stack level definition for current field. Values between 6 and 10. See Table 2 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 6 and 10. Depends on board type.
pnode_pinV Power Node. Channel definition for voltage field. Values between 0 and 7. See Table 1 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 0 and 7. Depends on board type.
pnode_mcpV Power Node. Stack level definition for voltage field. Values between 6 and 10. See Table 2 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 6 and 10. Depends on board type.
tnode_pinI Three Phase Node. Channel definition for current field. Values between 0 and 7. See Table 1 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 0 and 7. Depends on board type.
tnode_mcpI Three Phase Node. Stack level definition for current field. Values between 6 and 10. See Table 2 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 6 and 10. Depends on board type.
tnode_pinV Three Phase Node. Channel definition for voltage field. Values between 0 and 7. See Table 1 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 0 and 7. Depends on board type.
tnode_mcpV Three Phase Node. Stack level definition for voltage field. Values between 6 and 10. See Table 2 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 6 and 10. Depends on board type.
fnode_pin Frequency Node. Channel definition. Values between 0 and 7. See Table 1 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 0 and 7 Depends on board type.
fnode_mcp Frequency Node. Stack level definition. Values between 6 and 10. See Table 2 below. uint8_t[] A list of integer between 6 and 10. Depends on board type.
CHID Node index within the nodes defined above. 0 being the first node or either snode/pnode/tnode/fnode. uint8_t[] A list of integers between 0 and 255 Depends on board type.
CH_node_type Type of node selecting from snode/pnode/tnode/fnode. See Table 4 below. uint8_t[] A list of integers between 0 and 255. Depends on board type.
CH_field_type Type of field to output. See Table 3 below. uint8_t[] A list of integers between 0 and 255. Depends on board type.

Current/Voltage pairs

Current/Voltage pairs are small programs in the microcontroller that computes power given a current/voltage couple.

Four given parameters must be provided. They are the pin numbers where to find the current and voltage and also which slave (or master) is to be used.

For example if 

HWSCT = 7 
HWMCPSCT = 6 
HWVOL = 0 
HWMCPVOL = 10

will use current ct1 (7) on slave 1 (6) computed against voltage1 (0) on master board (10).

The tables below gives all pin assignment:

Table 1: current_pin voltage_pin
Pin number
snode_pin/pnode_pinI/pnode_pinV etc... 		RPICT7V1 RPICT8 RPICT4V3
0 V1 CT8 V3
1 CT7 CT7 V2
2 CT6 CT6 V1
3 CT5 CT5 nc
4 CT4 CT4 CT4
5 CT3 CT3 CT3
6 CT2 CT2 CT2
7 CT1 CT1 CT1


Table 2: slave master pins
Pin number
HWMCPSCT/HWMCPVOL 		Board type
10 Master
6 Slave 1
7 Slave 2
8 Slave 3
9 Slave 4

Channels

We are referring as a channel here a data stream to be sent out. For example Vrms and Realpower derived from a same sensor will be two different channels.

These are configured with three parameters. The first one CHID is the node index of the list defined above. Note the first id is zero (0).
The second one CH_node_type is the type of node used. Either snode/pnode/tnode or fnode.
The thirsd one CH_field_type identifies the type of channel. See table 3 below.
For example: 

CHID = 0
CH_node_type = 3
CH_field_type = 3

Uses voltage/current CV pair id 0. Node type is 3 which is a Power Node. Channel type is 3 which is Vrms. Basically this means output the Vrms value of the first Pnode.


The table below shows the convention being used:

Table 3: Field Definition
code Channel Type Description
0 None
1 Real Power (Active Power) Real Power in Watts
2 Apparent Power Apparent Power in VA. This is Irms*Vrms
3 Vrms Rms Voltage in Volts.
4 Irms Rms current in Ampere.
5 Estimated Power Estimated Power in Watts. This is Irms*Vest.
6 Power Factor Power Factor (no units). This is RealPower/ApparentPower.
7 Temperature Temperature (Celsius). Only for RPIZCT4V3T1 & RPIZ_CT4V3T2.
8 Frequency Frequency in Hertz. Only with version 3.0.2.
9 RTD Temperature Temperature (Celsius). Only for RPIZ_CT4V3T2.
10 Reactive Power Reactive power in VAR.
11 3Phase Real Power (Active Power). 3Phase Real Power in Watts.
12 3Phase Apparent Power. 3Phase Apparent Power in VA.
13 3Phase Reactive Power. 3Phase Apparent Power in VAR.
14 3Phase Power Factor. 3Phase Power Factor.
15 3Phase Vrms. 3Phase Rms Voltage in Volts.
16 3Phase Irms. 3Phase Rms current in Ampere.


Table 4: Node Types
code Node Type Description
2 snode Signal Node. Compute RMS only of a single channel. Efficient and lightweight computation.
3 pnode Power Node. Computes all power related values of a current/voltage pair. Required definition of both current and voltage sensor ports.
5 tnode Three Phase Node. Same as pnode but for three phase.
4 fnode Frequency Node. Computes frequency only on a given sensor port.

Restore Default Config

If things go wrong it is possible to reinstate factory configuration.

4 letter code
The ideal scenario is when you have the 4 letter code provided with the card. If the code is XXXX you can restore factory config with 

$ wget lechacal.com/hardware/c/XXXX.conf
$ lcl-rpict-config.py -a -w XXXX.conf

Some stacked configuration

RPICT7V1 + RPICT8

A very common setup stacking one RPICT7V1 as master with one RPICT8 as slave. Offering one voltage to compute against 15 CT. Config given for the 100A rating. Output is

  • Voltage RMS
  • Real Power 1 to 7 master
  • Real Power 1 to 8 slave
$ wget lechacal.com/RPICT/config/B4/stack_ct7v1_ct8.conf
$ lcl-rpict-config.py -w stack_ct7v1_ct8.conf

debug

Enabling debug can be done in the configuration by setting debug = 1. 

debug = 1

When reading the data stream some extra information will be shown. One should set debug = 0 back to return to normal usage.

An example of the debug information will look like this below. 

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /dev/ttyAMA0
11 244.2 242.1 243.2 6.6 47.1 22.5 20.8
# Offsets I: 2041.00 2017.60 2045.70 2045.46 
# Offsets V: 2012.01 2019.80 2024.21 2022.31 
# Scan interval (ms): 1616
11 243.5 241.6 242.4 4.6 22.0 11.7 19.6
# Offsets I: 2039.77 2012.66 2042.19 2043.30 
# Offsets V: 2002.89 2010.56 1997.96 2004.81 
# Scan interval (ms): 1616
11 243.8 241.4 241.8 3.4 -4.4 2.8 -1.4

Find Minimum polling interval

In the above example the scan interval is reported at 1616 milliseconds. This means that all acquisitions and computations take approximatively 1.6 seconds to complete. One might set the polling interval safely to 2 seconds in this case (polling = 2000).

Offsets

The offset of each channel is also reported. This is the zero level on the ADC scale. We expect values to be around 2048 but do not need to be specifically accurate.

Number of samples

Debug can also indicate how many samples will be used to acquire the waveform. For this read the data with the cat command and press the reset button. Debug will show the following line: 

# Number of samples: 784

How to reset the board

1. Auto reset

The board can be reset automatically with newest versions of the RPICT using the -a option. 

lcl-rpict-config.py -a

or 

lcl-rpict-config.py -a -w myfile.conf

Auto-reset is only available on some units. Version 3's do not support auto-reset and manual reset must be used.

2. White Reset Button

If the board has a white button then press this button to reset the board.

Note that the button can be stiff when the board is brand new. If it fails to operate press the button 50 times or until it succeed with a strong push. Following that the button will be much easier to activate.

3. No Reset Button

Some of the older RPICT do not have the white button. These are the RPICT8 RPICT3V1 RPICT4T4 and RPICT4V3 version 1.

Use a small jumper to link the reset pin with the ground. This can be found on the 6x2 pins ISP connector. This is the stacking connector at the top. The two most left pins are the one to connect together (see picture).

Make contact with the two pins then remove the jumper. This will reset the board. Do not keep the pins connected. The contact must really brief and unique (avoid double contact).

4. Alternative reset method

Probably not the best recommended method but meanwhile really efficient.

Another way to reset the board is to keep the lcl-rpict-config.py command running and remove the board from the Raspberrypi. Then re-insert the board on the Raspberryi. This will guarantee the restart of the board.

Version History

Version 3.2.0

  • Now uses RPICTlib 1.2.0
  • Sampling interval boosted up to 4.4kHz instead of 3.3kHz
  • Irms with 3 decimals

Version 3.1.0

  • Irms now in A instead of mA
  • Added reactive power

Version 3.0.2

  • Uses RPICTlib 1.1.0
  • Frequency Support
  • Temperature support for RPI_T8

Version 3.0.1

  • Uses RPICTlib 1.0.1
  • Sampling up to 3.3kHz

Version 3.0.0

  • Now using RPICTlib library
  • Higher accuracy using much more efficient computation of RMS signal.
  • Introduced better sampling of data using a sampling interval of 2kHz.
  • User has control of window length of sampling by editing the number of cycles to acquire. Few cycles => faster acquisition, instantaneous reading. Many cycles => slower acquisition, smoother readings.
  • For the window length of sampling user can now set which frequency is expected (typically 50 or 60Hz).
  • Debug option. User can view more information behind the scene setting debug=1.
  • Phasecal is now set using signed numbers (e.g. -1 0 +1). Also phasecal is now more intuitive to adjust.
  • Output data with 'nan' if an error happen.
  • Trigger an error (nan) if data is out of range. (i.e > ADC max).
  • Trigger an error (nan) if the MCU can not cope with sampling speed. (We expect this to never happen unless you modify the sampling interval yourself).
  • Debug mode reports the fastest polling that can be set for a given configuration.
  • Debug mode reports the zero offset. (advanced usage).
  • Power factor outputs 3 digits after decimal.
  • Pin number for current or voltage are now in range 0 to 7. (no longer 1 to 8).
  • Using B4 structure for configuration.
  • Also countless code optimisation found here and there.
  • Some effort to make the code clearer. WIP.
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